 |
 |
|
Titration
is the means of determining, through chemical reaction, the concentration
of an element or substance utilizing a specific reagent (titrant) of
a known concentration. The chemical reaction is normally followed by
monitoring the pH, RX, conductivity, color or other parameter.
The titrant is added over successive steps in always-decreasing amounts, until a point of equilibrium is reached in the reaction. At this point, titration is complete. When the quantity of titrant added and the quantity of substance being examined are known, the value of the parameter being sought can be determined through simple stoichiometric calculations. Different types of chemical reactions are utilized to perform titration on liquid samples:
As mentioned above, to follow the titration process and detect the final point, a sensor is used to monitor the potential of a dedicated electrode (pH, conductivity, Redox, etc.) over time. The sensing element is selected on the basis of the quantity that varies during the reaction (for example, pH electrode for acid-base neutralization reactions or selective electrode of certain ions for precipitation reactions). The
sample that is automatically taken from the line and introduced into
the analysis chamber is titrated with reagents using a syringe dispenser.
A peristaltic pump dispenser unit performs self-calibrating cycles and
releases excess reagents. A central unit controls all phases of titration
(addition of the reagent, search for the final point, stoichiometric
calculations) and handles interface with outside processes (programming,
data transmission and printing). | |